There are four phases to the cycle of violence. Each phase indicates the behavior of the abuser and the consequences the act will have on the victim. The existence of such a cycle is more obvious when there is physical violence in the relationship, however the cycle exists regardless of the form of abuse (physical, psychological, economical, spiritual, religious and sexual). Finally, the length and intensity of each phase differs from one relationship to the next.
The cycle of violence constantly repeats itself with less time between each violent episode. Also, it is imperative to remember that the ultimate level of the cycle of violence is spousal homicide.
Therefore, it is imperative to break the silence, as it is the only way to stop the cycle of violence.
(1) ESCALATION OF TENSION
- Many small incidents over a longer period of time
- These incidents can range anywhere from trying to change her behaviour to glaring looks or criticisms.
- Violence usually causes anxiety and fear in the victim; and they may feel as though they are walking on eggshells around their partner in order to avoid the escalation of violence
- The victim will usually feel responsible for the situation they find themselves in, and they will hope that the violence is just a phase
(2) EXPLOSION OF VIOLENCE
- Violence is aggravated
- Violent episode can last from a few minutes to a few days
- Victim is in a state of shock and is confused
- Victim feels powerless
(3) JUSTIFICATION
- Abuser tends to justify his actions
- Victim can internalise this justification
- Victim will eventually start questioning themselves as to whether or not they are to blame for their partners abuse
(4) PERIOD OF CALM AND RECONCILIATION
- Abusive partner can beg for forgiveness, promising that the abuse is over
- Abuser will say that he can change and the victim hopes that he will
- Abuser will become kind and gentle
This last period can vary in length and may not even be present in certain relationships.
However, at one point in the reconciliation phase, the violence will erupt and the cycle of violence will begin once again.
